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DBMS > Cassandra vs. EXASOL vs. H2 vs. Manticore Search vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. EXASOL vs. H2 vs. Manticore Search vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonManticore Search  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multi-storage database for search, including full-text search.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMSTime Series DBMS infousing the Manticore Columnar LibrarySpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.22
Rank#312  Overall
#21  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.exasol.comwww.h2database.commanticoresearch.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.exasol.com/­resourceswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmanual.manticoresearch.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookExasolThomas MuellerManticore SoftwareOpenLink Software
Initial release20082000200520171998
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.2.220, July 20236.0, February 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schemayes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesInt, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoCan index from XMLyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyesSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
JavaElixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingnoneSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportedyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSynchronous replication based on Galera libraryChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infoHadoop integrationnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDyes infoisolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraEXASOLH2Manticore SearchVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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