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DBMS > Cassandra vs. DuckDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. DuckDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgduckdb.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2008201820142019
Current release4.1.3, July 20230.10, February 20242.1.12, February 2017cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaScript
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-lessserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safarihosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesnoUsing read-only observersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"nonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenonenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infousing MemoryDBno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnonoAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDuckDBLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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