DBMS > Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. HugeGraph vs. Lovefield vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. HugeGraph vs. Lovefield vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	7.60
Rank	#52	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Website

cassandra.apache.org

dgraph.io

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

realm.io

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

dgraph.io/docs

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

realm.io/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Baidu

Google

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

Initial release

2008

2016

2018

2014

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

0.9

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Groovy
Java
Python

JavaScript

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Change Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

In-Memory realm

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Planned for future releases

Users, roles and permissions

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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