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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Riak TS vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Riak TS vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRiak TS  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Riak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KVSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.20
Rank#319  Overall
#27  Time Series DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgdgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­ts/­latestspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleOpen Source, formerly Basho TechnologiesApache Software Foundation
Initial release20082016201720152014
Current release4.1.3, July 20233.0.0, September 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoErlangScala
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesrestrictedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes, limitedSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoErlangno
Triggersyesnonoyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yesShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factornone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infolinks between datasets can be storedno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerRiak TSSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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