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DBMS > Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. Milvus vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. Milvus vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed Database based on LuceneA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.73
Rank#229  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score1.81
Rank#144  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score11.40
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcratedb.commilvus.iowww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcratedb.com/­docsmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCrateOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2008201320192005
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.3.4, January 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++, GoC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions (Javascript)noyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesnonoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategynoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectrights management via user accountsRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCrateDBMilvusVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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See CrateDB pricing >
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Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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