DBMS > BoltDB vs. Geode vs. Heroic vs. RocksDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Geode vs. Heroic vs. RocksDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	1.92
Rank	#131	Overall
	#23	Key-value stores

Score	0.51
Rank	#255	Overall
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

geode.apache.org

github.com/spotify/heroic

rocksdb.org

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

geode.apache.org/docs

spotify.github.io/heroic

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

Spotify

Facebook, Inc.

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2013

2002

2014

2013

1998

Current release

1.1, February 2017

9.2.1, May 2024

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

Linux

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (OQL)

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

yes

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

yes, on a single node

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights per client and object definable

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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