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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Fauna vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Fauna vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonFauna infopreviously named FaunaDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Fauna provides a web-native interface, with support for GraphQL and custom business logic that integrates seamlessly with the rest of the serverless ecosystem. The underlying globally distributed storage and compute platform is fast, consistent, and reliable, with a modern security infrastructure.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Graph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score1.55
Rank#151  Overall
#26  Document stores
#14  Graph DBMS
#71  Relational DBMS
#13  Time Series DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltfauna.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
orientdb.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.fauna.comdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFauna, Inc.Vesoft Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPOpenLink Software
Initial release20132014201920101998
Current release3.2.29, March 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoScalaC++JavaC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinuxAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeStrong typed schemaschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGoC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Scala
Swift
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functionsJava, Javascriptyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnonoHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoconsistent hashingShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoIdentity management, authentication, and access controlRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
BoltDBFauna infopreviously named FaunaDBNebulaGraphOrientDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
BoltDBFauna infopreviously named FaunaDBNebulaGraphOrientDBVirtuoso
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