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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Heroic vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Heroic vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchIn-memory JavaScript DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comspotify.github.io/­heroictechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCognitectSpotifyMicrosoft
Initial release20132012201420142019
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJava, ClojureJavaJavaScript
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonononoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
JavaScript APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGoClojure
Java
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
noneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
BoltDBDatomicHeroicLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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