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DBMS > BoltDB vs. CrateDB vs. GraphDB vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. CrateDB vs. GraphDB vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Distributed Database based on LuceneEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A relational database management system that stores data in columnsScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score1.72
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltcratedb.comwww.ontotext.comwww.monetdb.orgneo4j.com
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.monetdb.org/­Documentationneo4j.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperCrateOntotextMonetDB BVNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20132013200020042007
Current release10.4, October 2023Dec2023 (11.49), December 20235.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Sourcecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageGoJavaJavaCJava, Scala
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions (Javascript)well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes, in SQL, C, Ryes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersnononoyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding via remote tablesyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelMulti-source replicationnone infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlnorights management via user accountsDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
BoltDBCrateDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMonetDBNeo4j
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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