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DBMS > BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMSRDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
rdf4j.org
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.nebula-graph.iordf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperCockroach LabsGoogleVesoft Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20132015201120192004
Current release24.1.0, May 20241.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoGoC++C++Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemaschema-freeStrong typed schemayes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesGoC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononouser defined functionsyes
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDnoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infousing RocksDByes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoRole-based access controlnoRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
BoltDBCockroachDBLevelDBNebulaGraphRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
BoltDBCockroachDBLevelDBNebulaGraphRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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