DBMS > BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sequoiadb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Primary database model

column oriented

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#261	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#122	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

www.cockroachlabs.com

hbase.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.sequoiadb.com

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

hbase.apache.org/book.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Microsoft

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Initial release

2013

2015

2008

2019

2013

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

schema-free, schema definition possible

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

proprietary protocol using JSON

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

Document is locked during a transaction

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

Azure Active Directory Authentication

simple password-based access control

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More resources

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