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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2013201020171989
Current release8.1, December 2018SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoCC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxhostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesGo.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
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More resources
BoltDBCitusGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft SQL Server
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