DBMS > Blazegraph vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. Virtuoso
System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. Virtuoso
| Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Blazegraph Xexclude from comparison | MySQL Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | ScyllaDB Xexclude from comparison | Virtuoso Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | High-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability. | Widely used open source RDBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store | Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS RDF store | Relational DBMS Key/Value like access via memcached API | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Wide column store | Document store Graph DBMS Native XML DBMS Relational DBMS RDF store Search engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Key-value store | Spatial DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | blazegraph.com | www.mysql.com | www.postgresql.org | www.scylladb.com | virtuoso.openlinksw.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | wiki.blazegraph.com | dev.mysql.com/doc | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.scylladb.com | docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Blazegraph | Oracle since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ScyllaDB | OpenLink Software | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2006 | 1995 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2015 | 1998 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 2.1.5, March 2019 | 8.4.0, April 2024 | 16.3, May 2024 | ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024 | 7.2.11, September 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source extended commercial license available | Open Source GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available | Open Source BSD | Open Source Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available | Open Source GPLv2, extended commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | C and C++ | C | C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes | yes | schema-free | yes SQL - Standard relational schema RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O) XML - DTD, XML Schema DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes RDF literal types | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes cluster global secondary indices | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SPARQL is used as query language | yes with proprietary extensions | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL) | yes SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP API SPARQL QUERY SPARQL UPDATE TinkerPop 3 | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Proprietary protocol (CQL) compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible) Thrift | ADO.NET GeoSPARQL HTTP API JDBC Jena RDF API ODBC OLE DB RDF4J API RESTful HTTP API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SOAP webservices SPARQL 1.1 WebDAV XPath XQuery XSLT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby | .Net C C# C++ Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Visual Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | yes proprietary syntax | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes, Lua | yes Virtuoso PL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | Chain, star, and bi-directional replication Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Tunable Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes Relationships in Graphs | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engine | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes in-memory tables | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Security and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty) | Users with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights for users can be defined per object | Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Blazegraph | MySQL | PostgreSQL | ScyllaDB | Virtuoso | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted... » more | Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions... » more | Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at... » more | Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,... » more | Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput... » more | Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based... » more | Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Blazegraph | MySQL | PostgreSQL | ScyllaDB | Virtuoso | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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