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DBMS > Blazegraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HarperDB

System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HarperDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBlazegraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparison
Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.
DescriptionHigh-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.75
Rank#219  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#8  RDF stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Websiteblazegraph.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comwww.harperdb.io
Technical documentationwiki.blazegraph.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docs
DeveloperBlazegraphGoogleThomas MuellerHarperDB
Initial release2006201720052017
Current release2.1.5, March 20192.2.220, July 20233.1, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoextended commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree community edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaNode.js
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesdynamic schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoRDF literal typesyesyesyes infoJSON data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like data manipulation statements
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsCustom Functions infosince release 3.1
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be defined
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in Graphsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDAtomic execution of specific operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, using LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlSecurity and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
BlazegraphGoogle Cloud SpannerH2HarperDB
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