DBMS > Bangdb vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Bangdb vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Converged and high performance database for device data, events, time series, document and graph

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.16
Rank	#338	Overall
	#47	Document stores
	#32	Graph DBMS
	#31	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

bangdb.com

duckdb.org

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

docs.bangdb.com

duckdb.org/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Sachin Sinha, BangDB

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2012

2018

2005

2010

Current release

BangDB 2.0, October 2021

1.0.0, June 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

V12

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD 3

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

server-less

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes: string, long, double, int, geospatial, stream, events

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

secondary, composite, nested, reverse, geospatial

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL like support with command line tool

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Java
Python

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes, Notifications (with Streaming only)

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding (enterprise version only). P2P based virtual network overlay with consistent hashing and chord algorithm

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor, Knob for CAP (enterprise version only)

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Tunable consistency, set CAP knob accordingly

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, optimistic concurrency control

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes, implements WAL (Write ahead log) as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes, run db with in-memory only mode

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes (enterprise version only)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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