DBMS > Badger vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Badger vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

An embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.14
Rank	#331	Overall
	#49	Key-value stores

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

DGraph Labs

Codenotary

Microsoft

Oracle

8Kdata

Initial release

2017

2020

1989

2011

2016

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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