DBMS > Badger vs. Datomic vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Badger vs. Datomic vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

High performance Time Series DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.14
Rank	#331	Overall
	#49	Key-value stores

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

www.datomic.com

kx.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

docs.datomic.com

code.kx.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

DGraph Labs

Cognitect

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2017

2012

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

1989

2010

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

3.6, May 2018

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

user defined functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, Javascript

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

with views

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

horizontal partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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