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DBMS > Badger vs. Datomic vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Badger vs. Datomic vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBadger  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.14
Rank#331  Overall
#49  Key-value stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­dgraph-io/­badgerwww.datomic.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.org
Technical documentationgodoc.org/­github.com/­dgraph-io/­badgerdocs.datomic.comdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperDGraph LabsCognitectActian CorporationMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release201720121974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20192010
Current release1.0.6735, June 202311.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJava, ClojureCJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesGoClojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction FunctionsyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, Javascript
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peershorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources
BadgerDatomicIngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDB
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