DBMS > ArangoDB vs. GraphDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Neo4j vs. Vertica
System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. GraphDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Neo4j vs. Vertica
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| Name | ArangoDB Xexclude from comparison | GraphDB  former name: OWLIM Xexclude from comparison | MarkLogic Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language. | Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL. | Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Search engine | Graph DBMS RDF store | Document store Native XML DBMS RDF store as of version 7Search engine | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS Column oriented | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | arangodb.com | www.ontotext.com | www.marklogic.com | neo4j.com | www.vertica.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.arangodb.com | graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation | docs.marklogic.com | neo4j.com/docs | vertica.com/documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Developer | ArangoDB Inc. | Ontotext | MarkLogic Corp. | Neo4j, Inc. | OpenText previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 2000 | 2001 | 2007 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 3.11.5, November 2023 | 10.4, October 2023 | 11.0, December 2022 | 5.20, May 2024 | 12.0.3, January 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available | commercial Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | commercial Limited community edition free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++ | Java | C++ | Java, Scala | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | All OS with a Java VM Linux OS X Windows | Linux OS X Windows | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free automatically recognizes schema within a collection | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes | schema-free Schema can be enforced | schema-free and schema-optional | Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes string, double, boolean, list, hash | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC | yes SQL92 | no | Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | AQL Foxx Framework Graph API (Gremlin) GraphQL query language HTTP API Java & SpringData JSON style queries VelocyPack/VelocyStream | GeoSPARQL GraphQL GraphQL Federation Java API JDBC RDF4J API RDFS RIO Sail API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL 1.1 | Java API Node.js Client API ODBC proprietary Optic API Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9RESTful HTTP API SPARQL WebDAV XDBC XQuery XSLT | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | ADO.NET JDBC Kafka Connector ODBC RESTful HTTP API Spark Connector vSQL character-based, interactive, front-end utility | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# C++ Clojure Elixir Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Rust | .Net C# Clojure Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | C C# C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Ruby | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | JavaScript | well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility | yes via XQuery or JavaScript | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes | yes via event handler | yes, called Custom Alerts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding since version 2.0 | none | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor | Multi-source replication | yes | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Multi-source replication One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript | no | yes via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs | no | no Bi-directional Spark integration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency configurable per collection or per write Immediate Consistency OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics) | Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request) | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes relationships in graphs | yes Constraint checking | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes, with Range Indexes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | yes | Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on. | Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ArangoDB | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | MarkLogic | Neo4j | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading... » more | Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document... » more | GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across... » more | Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,... » more | GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on... » more | GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are... » more | GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition... » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | Matching Skills and Candidates with Graph RAG A Triple Store RAG Retriever Integrating GraphDB with Relational Database Systems Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model | openCypher Will Pave the Road to GQL for Cypher Implementers 7 Tips for Submitting Your NODES 2024 Talk How to Configure Neo4j Aura With AWS PrivateLink This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, GraphRAG, GraphQL, Chatbot and more Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| ArangoDB | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | MarkLogic | Neo4j | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | The Weight of Relational Databases: Time for Multi-Model? | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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