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DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. FoundationDB vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. FoundationDB vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameArangoDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionNative multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine
Search engineDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.32
Rank#90  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#12  Key-value stores
#10  Search engines
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitearangodb.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbneo4j.comrdf4j.org
Technical documentationdocs.arangodb.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbneo4j.com/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookYouTubeInstagram
DeveloperArangoDB Inc.ElasticFoundationDBNeo4j, Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20122010201320072004
Current release3.11.5, November 20238.6, January 20236.2.28, November 20205.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) availableOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++Java, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoautomatically recognizes schema within a collectionschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infostring, double, boolean, list, hashyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languagesupported in specific SQL layer onlynono
APIs and other access methodsAQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyes
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infosince version 2.0ShardingShardingyes using Neo4j Fabricnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication with configurable replication factoryesyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infocan be done with stored procedures in JavaScriptES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoconfigurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allLinearizable consistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsnoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integration
User concepts infoAccess controlyesnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)no
More information provided by the system vendor
ArangoDBElasticsearchFoundationDBNeo4jRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsGraph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesConsolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosNative multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersCisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsVery permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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