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DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameArangoDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionNative multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine
Graph DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.32
Rank#90  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#12  Key-value stores
#10  Search engines
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websitearangodb.comdgraph.iowww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdocs.arangodb.comdgraph.io/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeFacebookInstagram
DeveloperArangoDB Inc.Dgraph Labs, Inc.ElasticGoogle
Initial release2012201620102017
Current release3.11.5, November 20238.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.
Implementation languageC++GoJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-free infoautomatically recognizes schema within a collectionschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infostring, double, boolean, list, hashyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsAQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptnoyesno
Triggersnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infosince version 2.0yesShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication with configurable replication factorSynchronous replication via RaftyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infocan be done with stored procedures in JavaScriptnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoconfigurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsnonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
ArangoDBDgraphElasticsearchGoogle Cloud Spanner
Specific characteristicsGraph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more
Competitive advantagesConsolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more
Typical application scenariosNative multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more
Key customersCisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more
Market metricsArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsVery permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

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More resources
ArangoDBDgraphElasticsearchGoogle Cloud Spanner
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