DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Realtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latency

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	0.38
Rank	#275	Overall
	#126	Relational DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#345	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

pinot.apache.org

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

docs.pinot.apache.org

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Google

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Initial release

2015

2010

2005

2010

2009

Current release

1.0.0, September 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java JDK11 or higher

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
Python

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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