DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Spark SQL vs. SQLite vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Spark SQL vs. SQLite vs. VelocityDB

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Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#354	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#15	Object oriented DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Dwayne Richard Hipp

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

2014

2000

2011

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

.Net

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Java
Python
R
Scala

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Based on Windows Authentication

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