DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. MySQL vs. TiDB vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. MySQL vs. TiDB vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Widely used open source RDBMS

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	4.25
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	1.52
Rank	#153	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

phoenix.apache.org

www.mysql.com

pingcap.com

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

PingCAP, Inc.

Weaviate B.V.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2014

1995

2016

2019

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

8.4.0, April 2024

8.1.0, May 2024

1.19, May 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Go, Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

GraphQL is used as query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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