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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Hazelcast vs. LMDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Hazelcast vs. LMDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseA widely adopted in-memory data gridA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database librarySpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitephoenix.apache.orghazelcast.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbspark.apache.org/­sqlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orghazelcast.org/­imdg/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationHazelcastSymasApache Software FoundationOpenLink Software
Initial release20142008201120141998
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20195.3.6, November 20230.9.32, January 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCScalaC
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesnonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infoEventsnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Coreyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoReplicated MapnonenoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyRole-based access controlnonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixHazelcastLMDBSpark SQLVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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Apache PhoenixHazelcastLMDBSpark SQLVirtuoso
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