DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. RDF4J

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Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A widely adopted in-memory data grid

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store

JSON support with IMDG 3.12

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	5.97
Rank	#57	Overall
	#6	Key-value stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hazelcast.org/imdg/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Thomas Mueller

Hazelcast

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2014

2005

2008

2004

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

2.2.220, July 2023

5.3.6, November 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

the object must implement a serialization strategy

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Java

.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Event Listeners, Executor Services

yes

Triggers

yes

Events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Replicated Map

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user

Raft Consensus Algorithm

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloudera's HBase PaaS offering now supports Complex Transactions
11 August 2021, Krishna Maheshwari (sponsor)

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