DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox

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Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Website

phoenix.apache.org

www.datomic.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

docs.datomic.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Cognitect

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

2014

2012

1989

2017

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

1.0.6735, June 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Java, Clojure

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Clojure
Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

Transaction Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

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