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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCubrid  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseCUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTPDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score1.20
Rank#169  Overall
#78  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgcubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)
dgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablehsqldb.org
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgcubrid.org/­manualsdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCUBRID Corporation, CUBRID FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.Google
Initial release20142008201620152001
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 201911.0, January 20212.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC, C++, JavaGoJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsJava Stored ProceduresnonoJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyesShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache PhoenixCubridDgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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