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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. LMDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed Database based on LuceneA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comcratedb.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdb
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comcratedb.com/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­doc
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCrateSymas
Initial release2014201020132011
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 20180.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen SourceOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaCJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions (Javascript)no
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixCitusCrateDBLMDB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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More resources
Apache PhoenixCitusCrateDBLMDB
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