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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Apache Phoenix vs. CrateDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Apache Phoenix vs. CrateDB vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseDistributed Database based on LuceneWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.90
Rank#125  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#226  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#11  Vector DBMS
Score103.35
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgcratedb.comwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestphoenix.apache.orgcratedb.com/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software FoundationCrateDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release2008201420132000
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20245.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20195.8.1, August 20243.46.1  (13 August 2024), August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportserver-less
Data schemeschema-freeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functions (Javascript)no
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Configurable replication on table/partition-levelnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesHadoop integrationnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyrights management via user accountsno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraApache PhoenixCrateDBSQLite
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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