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DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Jena - TDB  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena frameworkA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRDF storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.75
Rank#84  Overall
#3  RDF stores
Score1.77
Rank#141  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitejena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationjena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmldocs.heavy.aidocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infooriginally developed by HP LabsHEAVY.AI, Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2000201620191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.9.0, July 20235.10, January 2022cloud service with continuous releases16.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License, Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC++ and CUDAC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinuxhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF SchemasyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsFuseki infoREST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infovia event handlernoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoRound robinSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoTDB TransactionsnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess control via Jena Securityfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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