DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. ArangoDB vs. ClickHouse vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. ArangoDB vs. ClickHouse vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

RDF store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.91
Rank	#93	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	3.30
Rank	#82	Overall
	#14	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#10	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	15.88
Rank	#37	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	42.68
Rank	#21	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

docs.arangodb.com

clickhouse.com/docs

neo4j.com/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

ArangoDB Inc.

Clickhouse Inc.

Neo4j, Inc.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2000

2012

2016

2007

2004

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

3.11.5, November 2023

v24.6.2.17-stable, July 2024

5.23, August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

via event handler

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

key based and custom

yes using Neo4j Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

yes

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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