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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. etcd vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. etcd vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA distributed reliable key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
spark.apache.org/­sqlvirtuoso.openlinksw.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmletcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
spark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosodocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software FoundationOpenLink SoftwareYugabyte Inc.
Initial release2018201419982017
Current release1.1.0, April 20233.4, August 20193.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaGoScalaCC and C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
depending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyes infoVirtuoso PLyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesyes, watching key changesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)yes, utilizing Spark CoreyesHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.noneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesnonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yes
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBetcdSpark SQLVirtuosoYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
Apache IoTDBetcdSpark SQLVirtuosoYugabyteDB
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