DB-EnginesInfluxDB: Focus on building software with an easy-to-use serverless, scalable time series platformEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splunk

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splunk

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSplunk  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAnalytics Platform for Big Data
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedVector DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score89.10
Rank#14  Overall
#2  Search engines
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorermilvus.iowww.postgresql.orgwww.splunk.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorermilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.splunk.com/­Documentation/­Splunk
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSplunk Inc.
Initial release2018201920191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2003
Current release1.1.0, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.3.4, January 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoLimited free edition and free developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC++, GoC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno infoSplunk Search Processing Language for search commands
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparkSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDno infoA 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searching
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMilvusPostgreSQLSplunk
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesTimescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
» more

Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
» more

Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
» more

SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
» more

CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
» more

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Apache IoTDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMilvusPostgreSQLSplunk
DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Enterprise Search Engines almost double their popularity in the last 12 months
2 July 2014, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

AMD EPYC 4364P & 4564P @ DDR5-4800 / DDR5-5200 vs. Intel Xeon E-2488 Review
6 June 2024, Phoronix

TsFile: A Standard Format for IoT Time Series Data
27 February 2024, The New Stack

Linux 6.5 With AMD P-State EPP Default Brings Performance & Power Efficiency Benefits For Ryzen Servers
21 September 2023, Phoronix

Apache Promotes IoT Database Project
25 September 2020, Datanami

Intel Xeon Max Enjoying Some Performance Gains With Linux 6.6
12 October 2023, Phoronix

provided by Google News

We’re retiring Azure Time Series Insights on 7 July 2024 – transition to Azure Data Explorer | Azure updates
31 May 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Update records in a Kusto Database (public preview) | Azure updates
20 February 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Public Preview: Azure Data Explorer connector for Apache Flink | Azure updates
8 January 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Announcing General Availability to migrate Virtual Network injected Azure Data Explorer Cluster to Private Endpoints ...
5 February 2024, azure.microsoft.com

New Features for graph-match KQL Operator: Enhanced Pattern Matching and Cycle Control | Azure updates
24 January 2024, azure.microsoft.com

provided by Google News

How NVIDIA GPU Acceleration Supercharged Milvus Vector Database
26 March 2024, The New Stack

AI-Powered Search Engine With Milvus Vector Database on Vultr
31 January 2024, SitePoint

Milvus 2.4 Unveils Game-Changing Features for Enhanced Vector Search
20 March 2024, GlobeNewswire

Zilliz Unveils Game-Changing Features for Vector Search
22 March 2024, Datanami

IBM watsonx.data’s integrated vector database: unify, prepare, and deliver your data for AI
9 April 2024, ibm.com

provided by Google News

PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features
4 June 2024, Simplilearn

Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL
5 June 2024, azure.microsoft.com

How To Schedule PostgreSQL Backups With GitHub Actions
6 June 2024, The New Stack

How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL?
28 May 2024, SitePoint

Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need
14 November 2023, Oracle

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Present your product here