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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. GBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Pinecone

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. GBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Pinecone

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA managed, cloud-native vector database
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#95  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.gbase.cnazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.pinecone.io
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overview
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.MicrosoftMicrosoftPinecone Systems, Inc
Initial release20182004201920102019
Current release1.1.0, April 2023GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8ccloud service with continuous releasesV12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC, Java, PythonC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linuxhostedhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesString, Number, Boolean
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageStandard with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparkSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlyesyesAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache IoTDBGBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePinecone
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