DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. FoundationDB vs. HugeGraph vs. mSQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. FoundationDB vs. HugeGraph vs. mSQL vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#335	Overall
	#31	Graph DBMS

Score	1.27
Rank	#169	Overall
	#76	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

apple.github.io/foundationdb

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

FoundationDB

Baidu

Hughes Technologies

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2018

2013

2018

1994

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

6.2.28, November 2020

0.9

4.4, October 2021

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free licenses can be provided

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

supported in specific SQL layer only

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

Groovy
Java
Python

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in SQL-layer only

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Linearizable consistency

Eventual Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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