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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sphinx

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sphinx

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSphinx  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen source search engine for searching in data from different sources, e.g. relational databases
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.95
Rank#55  Overall
#5  Search engines
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseneo4j.comwww.postgresql.orgsphinxsearch.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databaseneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docssphinxsearch.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Neo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSphinx Technologies Inc.
Initial release2018201220071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2001
Current release1.1.0, April 20235.20, May 202416.3, May 20243.5.1, February 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial licence available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaCC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
NetBSD
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes infofull-text index on all search fields
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (SphinxQL)
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++ infounofficial client library
Java
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby infounofficial client library
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'yes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersyesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infovia event handleryesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)yes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supported
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Sphinx index.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesyes, based on authentication and database rulesUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseNeo4jPostgreSQLSphinx
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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