DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. Graphite vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. Graphite vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

An enterprise-level distributed HTAP open source database based on PostgreSQL

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#158	Relational DBMS

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

dgraph.io

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

github.com/OpenTenBase/OpenTenBase
www.opentenbase.org

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

dgraph.io/docs

graphite.readthedocs.io

docs.opentenbase.org
docs.opentenbase.org/en

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Chris Davis

OpenAtom Foundation, previously Tencent

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2018

2016

2006

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

2.5, January 2024

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD-3

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Python

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix

Linux

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

HTTP API
Sockets

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

yes

none

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Planned for future releases

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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