DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. Infobright vs. LokiJS vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. Infobright vs. LokiJS vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

High performant column-oriented DBMS for analytic workloads using MySQL or PostgreSQL as a frontend

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.31
Rank	#159	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.88
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	0.44
Rank	#256	Overall
	#40	Document stores

Score	644.36
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

www.citusdata.com

ignitetech.com/softwarelibrary/infobrightdb

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.citusdata.com

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Ignite Technologies Inc.; formerly InfoBright Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2018

2010

2005

2014

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

8.1, December 2018

16.4, August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

The open source (GPLv2) version did not support inserts/updates/deletes and was discontinued with July 2016

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux

Linux
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

Knowledge Grid Technology used instead

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JavaScript API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

JavaScript

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

View functions in JavaScript

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

none

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

exploiting MySQL or PostgreSQL frontend capabilities

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

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