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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vitess

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelWide column storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.31
Rank#159  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.86
Rank#202  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgiotdb.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgvitess.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software FoundationPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release200820181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2013
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20241.1.0, April 202316.4, August 202415.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCGo
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraApache IoTDBPostgreSQLVitess
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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