DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Cassandra vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Kdb vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Cassandra vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Kdb vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Cloud-based data warehousing service

High performance Time Series DBMS

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	1.37
Rank	#160	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Score	7.71
Rank	#49	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

cassandra.apache.org

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

kx.com

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

code.kx.com

vertica.com/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

IBM

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2018

2008

2014

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2005

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

4.1.3, July 2023

3.6, May 2018

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

SQL-like query language (q)

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL, SQL PL

user defined functions

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

with views

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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upon request
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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