DB-EnginesextremeDB - Data management wherever you need itEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by Redgate Software

DBMS > Apache Impala vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. SQLite

Please select another system to include it in the comparison.

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpatial extension of SQLiteWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score11.68
Rank#41  Overall
#25  Relational DBMS
Score674.32
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.44
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score117.77
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmlwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAlessandro FurieriDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20082000
Current release4.1.0, June 202216.4, August 20245.0.0, August 20203.46.1  (13 August 2024), August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CC++C
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessserver-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd parties
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Apache ImpalaPostgreSQLSpatiaLiteSQLite
DB-Engines blog posts

DB-Engines shares Q1 2025 database industry rankings and top climbers: Snowflake and PostgreSQL trending
1 May 2025, DB-Engines

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

show all

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking
2 February 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SD Times

Hudi: Uber Engineering’s Incremental Processing Framework on Apache Hadoop
12 March 2017, Uber

Cloudera brings Apache Iceberg data lake format to its Data Platform
30 June 2022, SiliconANGLE

Apache Doris just ‘graduated’: Why care about this SQL data warehouse
24 June 2022, InfoWorld

Apache Doris Analytical Database Graduates from Apache Incubator
20 June 2022, datanami.com

provided by Google News

Understanding transaction visibility in PostgreSQL clusters with read replicas
2 May 2025, Amazon Web Services (AWS)

MySQL at 30: Still important but no longer king
12 May 2025, InfoWorld

Over 1,500 PostgreSQL Servers Compromised in Fileless Cryptocurrency Mining Campaign
1 April 2025, The Hacker News

Fileless XMRig-C3 Cryptominer Targets PostgreSQL Servers
31 March 2025, wiz.io

Rapid7 Flags New PostgreSQL Zero-Day Connected to BeyondTrust Exploitation
13 February 2025, SecurityWeek

provided by Google News

Zero-latency SQLite storage in every Durable Object
26 September 2024, The Cloudflare Blog

SQLite re-implemented in Rust to achieve asynchronous I/O and other changes
12 December 2024, devclass

Google’s AI Tool Big Sleep Finds Zero-Day Vulnerability in SQLite Database Engine
4 November 2024, The Hacker News

Bcachefs, Btrfs, EXT4, F2FS & XFS File-System Performance On Linux 6.15
10 May 2025, Phoronix

How to install SQLite on Windows
20 October 2024, theserverside.com

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

SingleStore logo

The data platform to build your intelligent applications.
Try it free.

Present your product here