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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. RethinkDB vs. Tibero vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. RethinkDB vs. Tibero vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWidely used RDBMSDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from OracleVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.oracle.com/­databaserethinkdb.comus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tiberovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.oracle.com/­en/­databaserethinkdb.com/­docstechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaOracleThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017TmaxSoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20131980200920031998
Current release4.1.0, June 202223c, September 20232.4.1, August 20206, April 20157.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++C and AssemblerC
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducePL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblePersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)yes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding inforange basedhorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or compositeyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno infocan be realized in PL/SQLyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedAtomic single-document operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'nono infoplanned for next versionyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaOracleRethinkDBTiberoVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaOracleRethinkDBTiberoVirtuoso
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