DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J vs. SAP IQ vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J vs. SAP IQ vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Columnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analytics

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

column-oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	2.64
Rank	#108	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	1.80
Rank	#138	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

rdf4j.org

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sybase-iq-big-data-management.html

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.oracle.com/en/database

rdf4j.org/documentation

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_IQ

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

SAP, formerly Sybase

Initial release

2013

1980

2004

1994

2017

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

23c, September 2023

16.1 SPS04, April 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

shared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexer

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

SAP/Sybase Replication Server

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Hadoop integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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