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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. SurrealDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. SurrealDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasesurrealdb.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.nebula-graph.iodoc.nuodb.comsurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaVesoft Inc.Dassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.SurrealDB Ltd8Kdata
Initial release20132019201320222016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial infolimited edition freeOpen SourceOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++RustJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesStrong typed schemayesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorCausal Clustering using Raft protocolyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infotunable commit protocolACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaNebulaGraphNuoDBSurrealDBToroDB
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaNebulaGraphNuoDBSurrealDBToroDB
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