DBMS > Apache Impala vs. NuoDB vs. SurrealDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. NuoDB vs. SurrealDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.03
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.99
Rank	#195	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	0.91
Rank	#204	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

surrealdb.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

doc.nuodb.com

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

SurrealDB Ltd

8Kdata

Initial release

2013

2022

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

v1.1.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

yes, based on authentication and database rules

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

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Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
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24 June 2022, InfoWorld

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25 November 2020, Dassault Systèmes

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