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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. VoltDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. VoltDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed reliable key-value storeMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memoryA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.44
Rank#158  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.voltdb.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmletcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
learn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.voltdb.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftVoltDB Inc.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release2013198920102019
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.4, August 2019SQL Server 2022, November 202211.3, April 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro EditionsOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++GoC++Java, C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X infofor development
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJavano
Triggersnoyes, watching key changesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supportedno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored proceduresACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the serveryes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command loggingyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
Apache ImpalaetcdMicrosoft SQL ServerVoltDBXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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