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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQL.JS vs. SurrealDB vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQL.JS vs. SurrealDB vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSQL.JS  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSPort of SQLite to JavaScriptA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.63
Rank#241  Overall
#112  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serversql.js.orgsurrealdb.comgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serversql.js.org/­documentation/­index.htmlsurrealdb.com/­docsbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftAlon Zakai infoenhancements implemented by othersSurrealDB LtdByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20131989201220222016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 2022v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen SourceOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaScriptRustC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JavaScript APIGraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScriptDeno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanono
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesno infoexcept by serializing a db to a fileyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft SQL ServerSQL.JSSurrealDBTerarkDB
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