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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed reliable key-value storeA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmletcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
learn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release2013201219892014
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.4, August 2019SQL Server 2022, November 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoC++Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnoyes, watching key changesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonooptimistic lockingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaetcdMicrosoft Azure Table StorageMicrosoft SQL ServerSpark SQL
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