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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftByteDance, originally Terark8Kdata
Initial release20132014198920162016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted open source version availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
TriggersnoJavaScriptyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducewith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerTerarkDBToroDB
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